pragma solidity ^0.5.0;

import "../token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "../math/SafeMath.sol";
import "../token/ERC20/SafeERC20.sol";
import "../utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol";

/**
 * @title Crowdsale
 * @dev Crowdsale is a base contract for managing a token crowdsale,
 * allowing investors to purchase tokens with ether. This contract implements
 * such functionality in its most fundamental form and can be extended to provide additional
 * functionality and/or custom behavior.
 * The external interface represents the basic interface for purchasing tokens, and conforms
 * the base architecture for crowdsales. It is *not* intended to be modified / overridden.
 * The internal interface conforms the extensible and modifiable surface of crowdsales. Override
 * the methods to add functionality. Consider using 'super' where appropriate to concatenate
 * behavior.
 */
contract Crowdsale is ReentrancyGuard {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    // The token being sold
    IERC20 private _token;

    // Address where funds are collected
    address payable private _wallet;

    // How many token units a buyer gets per wei.
    // The rate is the conversion between wei and the smallest and indivisible token unit.
    // So, if you are using a rate of 1 with a ERC20Detailed token with 3 decimals called TOK
    // 1 wei will give you 1 unit, or 0.001 TOK.
    uint256 private _rate;

    // Amount of wei raised
    uint256 private _weiRaised;

    /**
     * Event for token purchase logging
     * @param purchaser who paid for the tokens
     * @param beneficiary who got the tokens
     * @param value weis paid for purchase
     * @param amount amount of tokens purchased
     */
    event TokensPurchased(address indexed purchaser, address indexed beneficiary, uint256 value, uint256 amount);

    /**
     * @param rate Number of token units a buyer gets per wei
     * @dev The rate is the conversion between wei and the smallest and indivisible
     * token unit. So, if you are using a rate of 1 with a ERC20Detailed token
     * with 3 decimals called TOK, 1 wei will give you 1 unit, or 0.001 TOK.
     * @param wallet Address where collected funds will be forwarded to
     * @param token Address of the token being sold
     */
    constructor (uint256 rate, address payable wallet, IERC20 token) public {
        require(rate > 0, "Crowdsale: rate is 0");
        require(wallet != address(0), "Crowdsale: wallet is the zero address");
        require(address(token) != address(0), "Crowdsale: token is the zero address");

        _rate = rate;
        _wallet = wallet;
        _token = token;
    }

    /**
     * @dev fallback function ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
     * Note that other contracts will transfer funds with a base gas stipend
     * of 2300, which is not enough to call buyTokens. Consider calling
     * buyTokens directly when purchasing tokens from a contract.
     */
    function () external payable {
        buyTokens(msg.sender);
    }

    /**
     * @return the token being sold.
     */
    function token() public view returns (IERC20) {
        return _token;
    }

    /**
     * @return the address where funds are collected.
     */
    function wallet() public view returns (address payable) {
        return _wallet;
    }

    /**
     * @return the number of token units a buyer gets per wei.
     */
    function rate() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _rate;
    }

    /**
     * @return the amount of wei raised.
     */
    function weiRaised() public view returns (uint256) {
        return _weiRaised;
    }

    /**
     * @dev low level token purchase ***DO NOT OVERRIDE***
     * This function has a non-reentrancy guard, so it shouldn't be called by
     * another `nonReentrant` function.
     * @param beneficiary Recipient of the token purchase
     */
    function buyTokens(address beneficiary) public nonReentrant payable {
        uint256 weiAmount = msg.value;
        _preValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);

        // calculate token amount to be created
        uint256 tokens = _getTokenAmount(weiAmount);

        // update state
        _weiRaised = _weiRaised.add(weiAmount);

        _processPurchase(beneficiary, tokens);
        emit TokensPurchased(msg.sender, beneficiary, weiAmount, tokens);

        _updatePurchasingState(beneficiary, weiAmount);

        _forwardFunds();
        _postValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Validation of an incoming purchase. Use require statements to revert state when conditions are not met.
     * Use `super` in contracts that inherit from Crowdsale to extend their validations.
     * Example from CappedCrowdsale.sol's _preValidatePurchase method:
     *     super._preValidatePurchase(beneficiary, weiAmount);
     *     require(weiRaised().add(weiAmount) <= cap);
     * @param beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
     */
    function _preValidatePurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal view {
        require(beneficiary != address(0), "Crowdsale: beneficiary is the zero address");
        require(weiAmount != 0, "Crowdsale: weiAmount is 0");
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
    }

    /**
     * @dev Validation of an executed purchase. Observe state and use revert statements to undo rollback when valid
     * conditions are not met.
     * @param beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
     */
    function _postValidatePurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal view {
        // solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks
    }

    /**
     * @dev Source of tokens. Override this method to modify the way in which the crowdsale ultimately gets and sends
     * its tokens.
     * @param beneficiary Address performing the token purchase
     * @param tokenAmount Number of tokens to be emitted
     */
    function _deliverTokens(address beneficiary, uint256 tokenAmount) internal {
        _token.safeTransfer(beneficiary, tokenAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Executed when a purchase has been validated and is ready to be executed. Doesn't necessarily emit/send
     * tokens.
     * @param beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
     * @param tokenAmount Number of tokens to be purchased
     */
    function _processPurchase(address beneficiary, uint256 tokenAmount) internal {
        _deliverTokens(beneficiary, tokenAmount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Override for extensions that require an internal state to check for validity (current user contributions,
     * etc.)
     * @param beneficiary Address receiving the tokens
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei involved in the purchase
     */
    function _updatePurchasingState(address beneficiary, uint256 weiAmount) internal {
        // solhint-disable-previous-line no-empty-blocks
    }

    /**
     * @dev Override to extend the way in which ether is converted to tokens.
     * @param weiAmount Value in wei to be converted into tokens
     * @return Number of tokens that can be purchased with the specified _weiAmount
     */
    function _getTokenAmount(uint256 weiAmount) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return weiAmount.mul(_rate);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Determines how ETH is stored/forwarded on purchases.
     */
    function _forwardFunds() internal {
        _wallet.transfer(msg.value);
    }
}
